Austempering, Austenitizing, History - Articles - Books

The Secret Heat Treatment of Frank J. Richtig

Thanks to Dean Baughman, Kitoc420, Steve Callari, Jay Ghoo, and Mitch Cagile for becoming Knife Steel Nerds Patreon supporters!

Legendary Heat Treatments

Last week I wrote about What a Good Heat Treatment Can and Cannot Do, and as part of that topic I wrote about how some knifemakers have a legendary or even mythical reputation for their heat treatments. In that article I argued that the big differences are between “bad” and “good” heat treatments, and that the differences between various good heat treatments are much smaller. And that edge geometry and knife design are more important to knife performance than the differences that are possible between different “good” heat treatments. So I think it makes sense to discuss a particular case of a knifemaker known for legendary, unmatched heat treatments, which brings me to… read more

Austempering, Heat Treating and Processing

Bainite vs Martensite – The Secret to Ultimate Toughness?

Thanks to Thomas Busch for becoming a Knife Steel Nerds Patreon supporter!

Misc. update: I have added a set of supporting micrographs to the introduction to Austenitizing steel

Tempered Martensite

To begin describing what bainite is it makes sense to start with martensite first. To form martensite we heat up the steel to high temperature to transform to a phase called austenite where we dissolve carbon in between the iron atoms (see Austenitizing Part 1), then quench the steel to lock in the carbon and form a hard phase called martensite (see What Makes Quenched Steel so Hard?). Following that we temper the martensite to allow some of the carbon out and increase the ductility of the martensite; the carbon comes out as very small carbides, a compound of iron and carbon (see What Happens During Tempering?). In the article on martensite formation I shared the following YouTube video to see the formation of the martensite laths: read more